World Breastfeeding Week 2023
World Breastfeeding Week, celebrated in the first week of August, is here again and every discussion should be on breastfeeding.
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The theme for this year is “Let’s make breastfeeding and work, work!” As expected, the Paediatric Society of Ghana has spotlighted the support that mothers need to be able to breastfeed and work at the same time.
In this respect, a seminar was organised on August 2, 2023, virtually on the slogan “Enabling breastfeeding: Making a difference for the working mother”.
Topics discussed included, “The Mother, work and Breastfeeding” which was expertly handled by Dr Sally Manu; “The Role of Fathers in Breastfeeding” by Dr Frank Owusu-Sekyere and “Breastfeeding and the Law” which was eruditely handled by Dr Mrs Gyikua Plange-Rhule.
The need to look at the law and breastfeeding is occasioned by inconsistencies between the exclusive breastfeeding policy and the maternity leave, which is three months in Ghana while we encourage exclusive breastfeeding for six months. Mothers, therefore, need immense support to navigate this slippery terrain; hence, the need for support from fathers and all around them.
Why should we promote breastfeeding? A few facts are presented below.
Human breast milk provides the primary source of nutrition for newborns before they can eat and digest other food. During the first few days after delivery, the breast produces colostrum, a thin yellowish fluid rich in protein and antibodies that provide passive immunity to the baby because the baby's immune system is immature.
Colostrum also helps the baby’s digestive system to grow and function properly. Unfortunately, colostrum has been erroneously tagged as dirty milk which must never be given to the child.
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This assertion is absolutely false and every effort should be channelled into correcting this misconception.
The breastmilk changes and increases in quantity about 48 to 72 hours after birth. It may take longer depending on when breastfeeding is started and how often breastfeeding is done.
The change in milk occurs a little earlier if one has breastfed before.
Besides the colostrum, there are foremilk and hindmilk. When first starting to breastfeed, the first milk the baby receives is called foremilk. It is thin and watery with a light blue tinge.
Foremilk is largely water needed to satisfy the baby’s thirst. The hind milk is released after several minutes of nursing. It is similar in texture to cream and has the highest concentration of fat.
The hind milk has a relaxing effect on the baby. It helps the baby to feel satisfied and contributes to weight gain by the baby.
Protein in breast milk is mostly whey, which is easier to digest by the baby than casein, the main protein in cow's milk from which most formula milk is made. The protein of breast milk has high amounts of amino acid called taurine, which has an important role in the development of the brain and the eyes of the baby. The same cannot be said of formula.
Fats in breast milk are practically self-digesting because breast milk also contains lipase, an enzyme responsible for the digestion of fat.
Fat is the main source of calories for babies - and babies need lots of calories to grow well! Also, fat in human milk has large amounts of certain essential fatty acids, such as omega-3 fatty acids, which are important for brain growth and development.
Vitamins and minerals in human milk are bioavailable - meaning they get absorbed well. Breast milk contains substances that enhance the absorption of minerals and vitamins.
As much as companies that produce formula try to enhance their milk, it always comes second to breast milk.
Breast milk has been shown to affect an infant's gene expression. Breast milk and formula have different effects on at least 146 genes. Most of the genes enhanced by breast milk promote quick development of the intestine and immune system. For example, some of the genes positively affected by breastmilk protect against "leaky gut".
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In each feeding, the mother delivers millions of living white blood cells to the baby to help fight off all kinds of diseases. This is not found in the formula! Also, when a mother is exposed to a germ, she makes antibodies to that germ and gives these antibodies to the infant via breast milk.
Breast milk also contains factors that prevent microorganisms from attaching to cells to cause infection, as well as a long list of other antiviral, antibacterial and antiparasitic factors.
Even more amazing is the fact that, if a baby contracts an illness that the mum has not been exposed to previously, the baby transfers this organism through saliva to the breast, where antibodies are manufactured on-site and then sent back to the baby via the milk to help the baby fight it off.
Breast milk has lots of digestive enzymes, and also many hormones. These all contribute to the baby's well-being. Every year, scientists find more valuable substances in breast milk.
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Science is only beginning to unravel what there is in human milk that helps a baby's growth and development.
Breastfeeding prevents obesity in babies and greatly reduces the risk of being overweight in adulthood. In contrast, formula is so energy-dense that it causes obesity both in babies and even in adults.
Formula-fed babies have worse jaw alignment and are more likely to need orthodontic work as they grow older. This is probably because the sucking action during breastfeeding improves the development of facial muscles and the shape of the palate.
Formula-fed babies have poorer vision, and get more ear infections than breast-fed infants. They suffer more and more severe upper respiratory infections, wheezing, pneumonia and influenza. They experience more diarrhoea, gastrointestinal infections and constipation compared to their breastfed counterparts. Formula-fed babies have an increased risk of heart disease, juvenile diabetes, multiple sclerosis, asthma and allergy.
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Breastfeeding may also play a role in preventing digestive diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as childhood cancers.
If you give your baby this unique food, his or her body will function more healthily in all aspects. Therefore, let us all endeavour to spread the good news about breastfeeding, support mothers to continue breastfeeding and call on governments to look at the maternity laws to help increase the rate and duration of breastfeeding.
With a concerted effort to demonise breastfeeding, describing it as "disgusting" and "unacceptable" by people to the extent that some hotels and other hospitality firms have banned breastfeeding on their premises, there is the need to shout louder and extol the virtues of breastmilk if we are to reverse these misconceptions.
Please take a minute to check on the various videos from the Paediatric Society of Ghana on breastfeeding. Together we can make the planet healthier.
astom2@yahoo.com
A member of the Paediatric Society of Ghana