Rise of unconventional employment: Unregulated world of Accra's shadow boys

In the bustling streets of Accra, a peculiar sight has become a norm the rise of loading boys, also known as ‘shadow boys’. 

These young men direct commuters to commercial buses for transport, amidst the chaos of honking cars and shouting bus conductors. Their story is one of resilience in the face of increasing unemployment and a testament to the evolving transportation system in Ghana.

Ghana's unemployment rate has soared to 3.6 per cent, with indications of further rise. Many young people, like the ‘shadow boys’, are forced to take up unconventional jobs to survive amidst the rising cost of living in Accra.

 The lack of jobs and opportunities has led to a surge in unconventional occupations, with loading boys being a prime example. In recent times, ‘shadow boys’ have increased significantly in number and can be seen at almost every bus stop and loading station in Accra.

They depend on this work for their daily survival, receiving a commission of five to ten cedis per the bus they help fill. However, their earnings vary greatly, with some days yielding nothing significant.

Their life is considerably difficult; facing physical danger, harassment, unpredictable income and social stigma. Many people see them as nuisances and criminals rather than hardworking individuals. Despite these struggles, they persevere, driven by the need to support themselves and their families.

Nonetheless, ‘shadow boys’ have become an integral part of the transportation ecosystem, soliciting passengers for commercial transport vehicles.

They contribute to the overall efficiency of the transport system, reducing stress and uncertainty for commuters and bus conductors alike. However, their methods have been criticised for being overly aggressive and exploitative.

The legal framework governing their activities is unclear, with no specific laws addressing their role. The Road Traffic Act and Transport Ownership and Regulation Act provide some insight, but their focus lies in vehicle operation and transportation services, not intermediaries like ‘shadow boys’.

In the absence of regulation, ‘shadow boys’ operate in a legal grey area, with unregulated pricing and strong-arm tactics. This has led to increased calls for regulation to protect drivers, bus conductors, passengers and the transport industry.

Some propose licensing and registering ‘shadow boys’, with clear guidelines on their fees and conduct. The role of ‘shadow boys’ cannot be ignored. Their unconventional employment provides a means of livelihood but also highlights the need for comprehensive regulation and protection for all stakeholders involved.

The Ministry of Transport must address the legal vacuum surrounding ‘shadow boys’ by developing policies to regulate their operations.

‘Shadow boys’' resourcefulness and adaptability in the face of economic challenges are commendable. However, regulation of their activities is necessary for a safer and more organised transport system.

Eyram Vordzorgbe,
University of Media, Arts and Communication-Institute of Journalism (UniMAC-IJ).
E-mail: eyramvordzorgbe@gmail.com